NRDC Technology offer-NEEM BASED PESTICIDE FORMULATION

PLANT PARAMETERS
Capacity, KLPA	300
No.of Shifts / day	3
Working days / Yr.	300
Land Area, m²	2000
Covered Area, m²	500
MANPOWER
Managerial	1
Skilled	7
Unskilled	18
RAW MATERIAL ( per KL of Product)
Neem Oil	0.25 - 0.3
Solvent	0.7 - 0.75
Emulsifier	0.05 - 0.1
UTILITIES (Per KL of Product)
Power, KwH	120
Water, KL	10
PLANT & MACHINERY
S.S.Blender	On-line Filters
Volumetric filling m/c	Sealing machine
Cap sealing m/c	Storage tanks

With the knowledge of adverse

effects of synthetic pesticides world wide attention is rapidly shifting to non-synthetic safer pesticides. Neem based pesticides, is one of such non-synthetic pesticide, developed by Indian Agricultural research Institute, New Delhi, India is found to be useful for control of pastes. Neem ( Azardicta Indica) oil and seed is known to have inherent germicidal properties and has been in use for Ayurvedic (herbal) medicines in India since long time ago. Neem is also widely grown in other Asian countries and tropical and sub-tropical areas of Africa, America and Australia. It grows well in poor shallow, degraded and saline soil. The neem leaves, oils and products therefrom are used as medicine, pesticide, fertiliser, diabetic food, soap, tooth paste, animal feed and even as a contraceptive. Neem is the most important among all biopesticides for controlling pests, nematodes (reducing various diseases). This pesticide does not leave any residue on the crop like other chemical pesticides and therefore, is preferred. The efficiency of neem pesticides can be increased by improving by various methods like crop rotation, sanitation, deep ploughing, soil solarization, mixed cropping, exploiting the source of resistance and the improving quality of neem seed etc. Neem pesticide are thus a potential alternative to chemical based pesticides and their use can avoid the dumping- off of thousands of tonnes of agro chemical on earth every year and will thus give us a pesticide residue free crop and safe environment.

The countries where neem trees are grown in abundance can earn foreign exchange since the product has good export potential.

In the last decade, neem has become a source of natural insecticide by replacing synthetic pesticides due to its non-toxicity, environmental safety etc. Neem derivatives have been applied against several species of storage pests and crop pests as leaves, oil, cake, extracts and as formulations in neem oil. These are used alone or with other insecticides.

SPECIAL FEATURES

Powdered neem seed kernel has reduced pest infestation in ware houses.
Advances made in extracting the bio-active component from neem using in expensive solvents are promising and may facilitate large scale processing of neem seeds during the harvest season.
Being water soluble, these can also be applied as systemic compounds, which renders them more photostable and non-phytotoxic unlike the neem oil.
The chances of insect pests developing resistance to neem materials are remote.
The neem-based pesticides are environment friendly.

The neem pesticide is used as emulsifiable concentrate and is prepared by mixing the ingredients mainly neem oil , a commercial grade solvent (a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons) , and a suitable emulsifier in specified proportions.

Properties	Value
Flash point	75⁰ C
Acidity in H₂SO₄ equivalents (% W/W)	0.044 and 0.038 respectively of the pre- and post-heat treated samples;
Low temperature stability, solid settlement, oily layer and turbidity	all absent upto 6h at 0-2⁰C and subsequently upto 7 days at 7-8⁰ C;
Emulsion characteristics (for both pre-and post-heat treated samplers)	oily layer and solid settlement absent, foam : 1 ml at 1 h : 0.75 ml at 2 h : nil at 24 h on re- : 2.0 ml at 24 h, emulsification creamed-: 1.5 ml at 1 h layer : 2 ml at 2 h : 2.5 ml at 24 h.

:No visual phytotoxicity against chilli, okra, tomato, brinjal, cowpea, chickpea, green gram, cotton, sorghum etc., and only slight against bottle gourd, the symptoms disappearing by 15th day.

Bioeffectiveness against sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis saccdhari; corn aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis; the blue butterfly, Euchrysops chejus on green gram and cowpea; Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea and pigeon pea has been reported by using 0.1 to 0.2% emulsions. The azardirachtin content of the oil was determined by extraction in methanol-water and estimation by HPLC.

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