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CECRI, KARAIKUDI—CSIR
1.
Acid inhibitor
for pickling
An
inhibitor mixture has been developed on a laboratory scale. This
can be used both in hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid and for
a number of metals like Fe, Steel, Zn and Al. The process consists
in thoroughly mixing two or three different chemicals and adding
it to the pickling bath in a proper concentration to get an inhibition
efficiency of 95%. (i) It gives a very high degree of inhibition
to steel and is equally effective in both sulphuric acids which
are commonly available in the country, (ii) Inhibits corrosion of
a number of non-ferrous metals such as copper, zinc, aluminium,
etc., (iii) Enables the use of commonly available acid for cleaning
composite system containing steel and one or more non-ferrous metals
such as zinc, aluminium, copper, brass, etc.
2.
Acid inhibitor in solid form
Acid
inhibitor in solid form can be used for the inhibition of corrosion
during acid pickling of ferrous items. It serves as an additive
to the hydrochloric acid pickling bath at ambient and elevated temperature
for (i) minimising the base metal attack, (ii) minimising the hydrogen
embrittlement, (iii) producing a bridth surface, and (iv) pickling
of incompletely degreased ferrous items, the process developed at
the institute is very simple and consists in thoroughly mixing three
different chemicals in solid form and adding it to the pickling
bath in a proper concentration to get an inhibition efficiency of
95%.
3.
Anodising of aluminium and its alloys
Anodising
of aluminium and its alloys is a process of building up natural
oxide which offers protection to the basis metal from corrosion.
Further colouring of anodising, aluminium gives an aesthetic appeal,
and decorative value. The process in vogue for anodising employs
direct current for building up oxide film. The process developed
at CECRI envisages the utilisation of alternating current by suitable
modifications of the anodising electrolytes, thus reducing the cost
of electrical equipment. The SEU for this industry is for anodising
18 sq. m. aluminium per day.
4. Calcium
gluconate
Calcium
gluconate is used in the treatment of calcium deficiency both for
oral and parenteral administration. It has also got many other industrial
uses. The demand for this product is estimated to be 800 tonnes
per annum. In this new process glucose is oxidised electrolytically
employing a rotating anode.
The
resulting gluconic acid is reacted with calcium carbonate to get
calcium gluconate. With this new technique it is possible to employ
high current densities and the loss of bromine is also reduced.
These aspects result in increase of cell capacity thereby cutting
down initial investments on floor space and plant. A new flow type
cell has been developed recently which reduces the energy consumption
as well as investment cost.
5.
Calcium lactobionate
This
is an important drug intermediate used in the preparation of calcium
tablets and injectables. In this process lactose monohydrate is
oxidised using rotating graphite anodes. This is then reacted with
lime and the lime complex is filtered, washed and neutralised with
carbon dioxide. The neutralised solution is filtered to remove insolubles
and the filtrate is treated with alcohol to remove calcium lactobionate.
6. Corrosion inhibitor formulations for cooling water
in heat exchange system
The
product is the inhibitive formulation based on non-toxic organic
and inorganic compounds, for steel, copper and brass in cooling
water system. At present mostly inhibitive formulations based on
chromate, poly-phosphate and nitrite are used in heat exchangers
in industries like steel plants, power plants, fertilizer industries,
etc. Because of the toxic nature of chromate and pollution
problems associated with it and also because of the possibility
of bacterial corrosion in presence of polyphosphates the existing
inhibitive formulations are not recommended. The present formulation
consists of non-toxic organic and inorganic substances of appropriate
concentrations. All the raw meterials for the above are indigenously
available. A concentration of 250 to 500 ppm of the inhibitor is
recommended for use.
7. Decorating
nickel-iron alloy plating with chromium overlays
Nickel
plating is common to the automobile and other decorative applications.
The current escalation is the price of nickel necessitates the need
for a viable alternative. The Central Electro-Chemical Research
Institute, Karaikudi developed a formulation for decorative nickel-iron
alloy coatings with thin chromium topcoats.
The
process developed makes use of suitable complexing and brightening
agents and under optimal conditions yields deposits with high lustre,
good physico-mechanical and corrosion properties. Moreover, the
iron content in the bath is maintained upto the required level by
adopting suitable measures.
8.
Dialdehyde
starch
Dialdehyde
starch finds wide applications in tanning industry, plywood industry
and in tobacco industry. The process is more economical than the
conventional single stage process. SEU is 120 tonnes of dialdehyde
starch per annum.
9.
Electrochemical
marking of metals
A
knowhow for the electrochemical marking of metals so that metal
articles of industry and commerce are marked for the purpose of
identification, certificate of quality and for advertisement has
been developed.
10.
Formulation
of SRHS chrome salt
The
SRHS (Self Regulating High Speed) chrome salt can be used
for preparation of a hard chromium plating bath also for the replenishment
of its ingredients during use. The SRHS bath prepared can be maintained
on the basis of measurement of its specific gravity, and thus dispenses
with the need for analysis of the minor constituents, which are
generally time-consuming. The components of the SRHS chrome salt
are mixed in appropriate quantities and the mixture converted into
a fine powder of uniform composition by ball milling. The resulting
powder is packed and sold.
11.
Glyoxalic acid
Glyoxalic
acid is a potential organic synthetic agent used in the manufacture
of perfumery chemicals, pharmaceutical, dyes, etc. The production
envisages the electro-chemical reduction of oxalic acid. The process
has been studies on 100 amp cell producting 102 kg of acid per batch.
Oxalic acid, sulphuric acid and calcium carbonate are the raw materials
required. SEU for the industry is for the production of 30 tonnes
of glyoxalic acid per annum.
12.
High temperature manganese phosphating
Manganese
phosphate coating is ideal for use on moving parts such as cam shafts,
gears and pistons rings, to give maximum protection against wear.
Manganese phosphate coating eliminates metal to metal contact, maintains
lubrication and reduces tearing and schuffing during running in.
Manganese phosphate coating is also used to protect against corrosion
and is particularly suitable for nuts, bolts, castings and similar
parts which can be oiled but not readily painted. Manganese phosphate
coating is also used for military equipment requiring oil or grease.
Phosphating solution is consumed to the extent of 8 lakh litres
annually. The process consists of dissolving the manganese carbonate
and phosphoric acid in water. The supernatant solution of the above
is diluted to the required level for phosphating purposes. The articles
to be phosphated are immersed in the solution at 65-70OC
whereas most of the other processes operate at 90-95OC.
No accelerator is necessary.
13.
Low chromate corrosion inhibitor for cooling water
It
has been the practice of employ chromates at very high concentrations
of 300-500 ppm for effecting control of corrosion in cooling water.
Since this introduces disposal problem due to the toxicity of chromate,
a new formulation based on very low concentration of chromate (15
ppm and other ingredients) has been developed. A concentration of
150-250 ppm of the inhibitor is recommended for use depending upon
the chloride content of the water. All the raw materials for the
above formulation are indigenously available, which mainly consists
of phosphates and silicates.
14.
Low nickel room temperature bright nickel plating salt formulation
The
special formulation is used for bright nickel plating and has advantages
over the conventional Watts’ nickle solution that it operates at
lower concentration of nickel an lower temperature range 30-40OC
compared to 55-60OC
recommended for bright Watts’ bath. For a plant capable of producing
30 tonnes per annum (300 working days a year on single shift a day)
of the low nickel room temperature plating salt, fixed capital on
plant and machinery would be around
Rs. 50,000 whereas the working capital would be around Rs.
5 lakhs.
15.
Low temperature zinc phosphating formulaton
It
is used in the pretreatment of iron and steel surface before painting,
used in cold drawing operations; used as an oil absorption layer
to increase the lubricating properties. The annual demand is 4 lakh
litres and is expected to increase. The process consists in dissolving
the metal or bits compound in acid and increasing the pH of the
bath by the addition of alkali phosphates. This gives a concentrate
which can be diluted suitably before phosphating. Accelerators are
added at the time of operation of the bath. The articles to be phosphated
are immersed at room temperature (25 to 30OC)
for 10 to 15 minutes. The method can be used to phosphatise iron
and steel articles at an ambient temperature 25 to 30OC.
Cost
of phosphating at ambient temperature is reported to 40% less than
the conventional phosphate process operating at higher temperature
due to savings in energy consumption. Cost of phosphating is further
reduced by replacing a certain percentage of phosphoric acid with
trisodium phosphate which is very cheap.
16.
Perchlorates
Sodium
perchlorate is used as the starting material for production of other
perchlorates. It is also used as an oxidiser in the slurry type
of explosives in mines and as an important reagent in analysis.
Potassium
perchlorate is used as an oxidiser in fuels for military rockets.
It also finds applications in explosives, fire works, flairs and
railway signals.
Ammonium
perchlorate is used in space research as an oxidiser in rocket propellants.
Three
processes have been developed for the production of perchlorates.
17.
Platinised titanium anodes
The
platinised titanium anodes find application in electrochemical cells
for electrodeposition, preparation of inorganic chemicals such as
hypothalites, halates and persalts and for electrolytic oxidation
of reduction reactions. The process developed at CECRI is very simple
and overcomes the disadvantages in the processes in practice. A
plant having the capacity of providing 6000 (25 x 5 cm2
size) per annum is estimated to have an investment of Rs. 6.13 lakhs.
18.
Potassium and sodium bromate
Potassium
bromate is extensively used in hair wave preparation and flour treatment.
Wheat flour containing 5 to 10 ppm are more of potassium bromate
(if soyabean protein are also present) shows considerable improvement
over untreated flour in baking characteristics. Potassium bromate
is also used for woollen textile finish. Sodium bromate is mostly
used as a laboratory reagent for analysis.
The
process consists of electrolytic oxidation of alkali bromide using
either graphite or graphite substrate lead dioxide as anode material.
The quality of the product obtained is very pure and comparable
to analar product.
19.
Potassium chlorate
Potassium
chlorate is used in the manufacture of matches. The process worked
out consists in oxidating sodium chloride to sodium chlorate followed
by double decomposition with potassium chloride. SEU for the industry
is 450 tonnes per annum and estimated capital outlay is Rs. 70 lakhs
(1992).
20.
Potassium iodate
An
electrochemical method for production of potassium iodate which
finds application in manufacture of iodised salts has been developed.
SEU for this industry is 30 tonnes of potassium iodate per annum
and estimated capital outlay is Rs. 42 lakhs (1992).
21.
Soak cleaning compound for steel contaminated with oil
Soak
cleaning compound is used for removing the mineral oils, vegetables
oils and greases which are usually applied to ferrous surface for
corrosion protection during transit and storage. It is essential
to remove these oils and greases before painting. The process consists
in mixing different constituents with water under stirred condition
22.
Sodium chlorate
Sodium
chlorate finds extensive application as a starting material for
the production of perchlorates. SEU for this industry is 450 tonnes
of sodium chlorate per annum and estimated capital outlay is Rs.
70 lakhs (1992).
23.
Succinic acid
Succinic
acid is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals viz., succinyl
sulphathiazole, rhodamines and is also used as an important intermediate
for the synthesis of a wide variety of organic compounds. It is
also used in the synthesis of plastics, elastomers, protective coatings,
electrical insulations and many other industrial products.
The
process consists of electrolytic reduction of maleic acid in a non
diaphragm cell. The product obtained in the cell is very pure and
hence does not need any further purification. SEU 60 TPA capital
outlay Rs. 45 lakhs.
24.
Titanium substrate insoluble anode
The
Institute has developed a process for the production of structurally
stable metal anode called titanium substrate insoluble anode (TSIA).
This is prepared by treating titanium metal suitably and later coating
with electro catalytic materials of platinum group metals viz.,
ruthenium, iridium, etc. or its oxides or mixtures of oxides of
platinum group metals and valve metals (like Ti, Ta and Zr). The
TSIA has better conducting properties and dimensional stability,
lower over voltage and longer life. The adoption of TSIA in the
production of caustic soda and chlorate results in lower energy
consumption and purer products. This anode can also be used in (a)
sea-water electrolysis for in-situ generation of hypochlorite, (b)
electro winning, (c) cathodic protection by impressed current technique,
(d) electrodialysis, (e) electro inorganic/organic synthesis, etc.
In the caustic soda cells the effective life of electro catalytic
coating ranges from 15 to 36 months depending upon the current density
and the operating cell working conditions in mercury cells and over
60 months in diaphragm cells. When the coatings are worn out, the
electrode can be recoated and used.
The
energy saving in caustic soda cells varies from 5 to 7.5% for higher
current mercury cells fitted with APD and SCE. For low current density
cells it varies from
8-12% and over 15% for diaphragm cells. In the production of chlorate
the use of metal anodes results in the reduction of energy consumption
by 10%
25.
Zinc alloy anode for cathodic protection
The
zinc alloy anode can be used in a variety of environments ranging
from heat exchangers, water storage tanks, underground structures,
etc. in a variety of shapes to obtain maximum current distribution
at minimum weight. These anodes are used with galvanised core steel
which can be directly welded on to the structure. The process involves
melting to zinc metal with other constituents in graphite/steel
crucible and cast into anodes of required dimension. The anode gives
a steady output current without any passivation even in water containing
low concentration of chloride. The zinc anode developed has sufficient
driving voltage.
26.
Zinc silicate green phosphor
Zinc
silicate green phosphor is mainly used in green fluorescent tube
light. Zinc oxide, silica, manganese sulphate, silica dishes are
the main raw materials. SEU for the industry is for the production
of 3 tonnes of product per annum.
CPRI,
BANGALORE
27.
Electroless nickel-iron
plating
Nickel
plating is common to the automobile and other application including
decorative purposes and is generally done by electrochemical process.
The process developed is a electroless process and can be nickel
plated on alloyed, unalloyed steels, copper and copper alloys, ceramics
and plastics. The plant and machinery required are similar
to those used for electrochemcial process except electro
plating bath.
28.
Recovery & alumina from fly ash
Flyash
contains alumina and iron as major constituent. A process has been
developed at laboratory scale for recovery of alumina from flyash.
The recovery of mineral resources from flyash in attractive due
to the reduction in disposal cost, conservation of strategic mineral
resources and production of value added products.
29.
Thermal shock resistant ceramics
The
ceramic materials are damaged due to thermal shock when subjected
to very rapid heating or rapid cooling. The new process developed
produced highly thermal shock resistance ceramics which can with
stand thermal shock cycles between 1100oC
and room temperature an posses high temperature corrosion resistant
against slogs and ashes. The conventional plant machineries for
ceramic industry are required for the process.
CMRS,
Dhanbad—CSIR
30.
Rescalite
Rescalite
is used in self-rescue mask, gas mask in
carbon monoxide atmosphere in mines, gas plants, chemical
plants, etc. The new process uses less expensive and more active
catalyst than what is available in the market namely Hopcalite used
in the canisters. A captial outlay of about Rs. 1 lakh would be
required for building and machinery and cost of production is estimated
at Rs. 100 per kg of the catalyst which can be fitted in 12 rescue
canisters. The process can be taken up with advantage by the firms
already manufacturing chemical product of this nature.
CSMCRI,
BHAVNAGAR—CSIR
31.
Aluminium silicate
Aluminium
silicate is used as filler material in rubber, paint, paper and
toothpaste industries.
The
process comprises the reaction of aqueous solutions of sodium silicate
and aluminium sulphate under controlled conditions. The precipitated
aluminium silicate is filtered, washed, dried and then pulverised
into desired mesh. The process has been developed on a pilot plant
scale of 45 kg/batch. Investment on plant and machinery for a plant
of 150 TPA capacity is envisaged at Rs. 15 lakhs.
32.
32. High
strength plaster of Paris
High
strength plaster of Paris (Alpha plaster) has specific uses in the
preparation of Jigger moulds in the ceramic industry, as building
blocks and partition wall. Alpha plaster is having compressive strength
almost four times than that of Beta plaster. Marine gypsum, maleic
anhydride and sodium hydroxide are the raw materials. A plant having
10 TPD capacity is estimated to cost Rs. 15 lakhs.
33.
Low density precipitated silica
Low
density precipitated silica is used in tyre, rubber roller, pesticides,
cosmetics and shoe/chappal industries and also in rubber products
like sheets, gaskets etc. The process comprises, the reaction of
sodium silicate and sulphuric acid under controlled conditions.
The precipitated silica is filtered, washed, dried and pulverised.
The investment for a plant of capacity 150 TPA, about Rs. 25 lakhs.
34.
Potassium silicate
Potassium
silicate is required in the manufacture of electrodes and as a binder,
adhesive filler and coating in the manufacture of TV tubes. CSMCRI
process envisages the ion exchange technique for the manufacture
of potassium silicate. The raw materials are potassium chloride
and sodium silicate. Suggested economic unit for this industry is
the production of 60 tonnes of potassium silicate per annum.
35.
Precipitated calcium carbonate
Precipitated
calcium carbonate is widely used as filler in paints and paper industry.
The process developed is continuous carbonation process. SEU for
the industry is for the production of 10 tonnes of products per
annum.
36.
Sodium chloride AR & IP from marine salt
The
manufacture of analytic reagent grade and India pharmaceutical grade
sodium chloride must involve the quantitative removal of all the
impurities from salt. The process involves the (i) removal of the
bulk of soluble impurities, (ii) removal of residual soluble impurities
from a saturated solution, and (iii) fractional crystallisation
of sodium chloride.
37.
Synthetic fine calcium silicate
Synthetic
fine calcium silicate finds use as reinforcing filler. The product
prepared by a novel process from lime, active silica and aluminium
trichloride is uniform in respect of chemical composition. SEU for
this industry is 300 tonnes of product per annum.
IIEM,
CALCUTTA
38.
Gelatin optical filter
These
filters are in instruments like calorimeter, flame photometer, etc.
Care is taken in selecting the dyes to get some sort of a monochromatic
band pass, which singly or in super imposition with others give
a good monochromatic light of half band width.
39.
Membrane technique in industrial processing
At
present conventional waste treatment technology (mostly based on
bio chemical reactions) is used in waste effluent treatment for
pollution control without water recovery and the process is capital
intensive as well as operational cost is very high. Similarly, in
concentration/separation field, conventional systems like evaporators/distillation
operations for handling dilute streams like sweet water (Dilute
glycerine of 7-10% concentration) or sugar solution, or glue/collagen,
is extemely energy intensive and as such operational costs are very
high. The process, developed uses the membrane technique (reverse/osmosis
ultra filtration) in industrial processing. RO/UF technology could
be used as a cost effective technique in separation/concentrated
desalination of brackish polluted water for drinking water/industrial
process operations and in industrial effluent treatment along with
pollution abatement, and water/chemicals recovery. Depending upon
the system used, products that would be obtained could be re-usable
water from industrial effluent, useful chemicals as concentrated
from diluted feeds like glycerine/sugar, etc. SEU would be 2 to
3 TPD effluent treatment unit for pollution control along with soda
recovery (in paper mill). The unit could also be used for concentration,
separation fields in various chemical industries like sugar, glycerine,
glue, etc., with proper change in the RO/UF membrane.
40.
Separation of protein fraction from blood plasma
Human
plasma as such has found a variety of clinical applications. The
invention relates to the process of separation of protein fraction
from human and animal blood plasma or serum by a simple method of
precipitation with progressively increasing concentration of mixture
of hydrogen phosphates of some known salts at room temperature.
The process has been tested on a sample of 200 ml of human blood
plasma and final product has been tested to B.P. and U.S.P. specifications.
MERI,
NASIK
41.
Chemical grout
Chemical
grout is used for reducing leakage in water bearing strata e.g.
tunnels, dams, reservoirs and other water bearing structures. The
process developed consists in dissolving a mixture of ammonium chloride
and melamine in formaldehyde solution.
NEERI,
NAGPUR—CSIR
42.
Chlorine tablets
Chlorine
tablets is a very useful product for disinfection of water. Since
nearly 80% of population in India living in rural area who are not
provided with treated water, use of chlorine tablet by this large
population wil enable them to take necessary precaution against
water-borne diseases like jaundice, cholera, typhoid, etc.
The
process broadly consists of drying of raw materials, mixing in suitable
proportions tabletting, inspection and packing.
Technology
is proven and simple. Investment in plant and machinery for setting
up a production capacity of 30 million tablets per annum is approx.
Rs. 4 lakhs.
NML,
JAMSHEDPUR—CSIR
43.
Inhibitor suitable for pickling of steels in hydrochloric
acid solution
Ferrous
metals when formed into steel sheets, plates, bars etc. are subjected
to high temperatures which resulted in the formation of a coating
of iron oxide on the metal surface are removed by acid pickling.
Capital cost is Rs. 6.4 lakhs for a plant of capacity 100 litres
per day of the inhibitor.
44.
Zinc oxide from waste
Zinc
oxide is used in rubber, paint, pharmaceutical and ceramic industries
and the zinc metal is used in galvanizing industry. The estimated
capital investment for a plant producing 3 tonnes per day of zinc
oxide and 2 tonnes per day of zinc metal with three shifts operation
in a day and with 300 working days in a year is Rs. 81 lakhs and
the capital cost for 9,000 tonnes of zinc oxide and 6,000 tonnes
of zinc metal is about Rs. 1.6 crore.
NPL,
NEW DELHI—CSIR
45.
Black stamp cancellation ink
The
ink is used by Post and Telegraph Department for cancellation of
stamps. The present composition uses cheaper raw materials i.e.
non-edible vegetable oil which is much cheaper and better than petroleum
based oil now being used. SEU is 100 tonnes/annum and fixed capital
is Rs. 1.75 lakhs.
46.
Distillation of coal tar
Fractional
solvent extraction based process for the distillation of coal tar
has been developed. Variety of pitches and pitch coke so obtained
find wide usage in electrode and chemical industry. The suggested
economic unit is 500 tonnes/annum. The cost of production per tonne
is Rs. 7,000.
47.
47. Etching composition suitable for etching on glass
The
laboratory has developed a special chemical composition suitable
for etching/marking permanent and opaque letters on glassware and
glass instrument. The composition can also be used for obtaining
fine graticules giving sharp lines which do not require any filling
material for getting contrast when projected. The technology is
so simple and economical that it does not require any sophisticated
plant and machinery. Estimated capital outlay is Rs. 30,000, excluding
the cost of land and building.
48.
Pitch coke from coal tar hard pitch
Pitch
coke made by distilling coal tar has a high carbon content, above
99% with low sulphur and ash is suitable for the manufacture of
carbon electrode. These electrodes are found to be superior than
the petroleum coke-based. It is a import substitution item. The
estimated future demand is 5,000 MT/yr.
RRL,
BHUBANESWAR—CSIR
49. Chromic oxide
Chromic oxide is used as a lapping medium in ball
bearing industry. It is also used in glass, lens etc. The process consists
in hearing the mixture of potassium bichromate and a polysaccharide. The
reaction mass after leaching with water is washed, dried and heated to
suitable temperature to product required grade of chromic oxide. SEU for
the industry is 6 TPA.
50. Isatoic anhydride
Isatoic anhydride is a versatile organic intermediate
useful in the manufacture of several industrially important chemicals
related to anthranilic acid. The process involves the oxidation of
phthalimide by chlorine or sodium hypochlorite. Acidification of reaction
mixture precipitates isatoic anhydride. The process has been studied on 4
kg per batch scale. Phthalimide, sodium hydroxide, chlorine are the main
raw materials. SEU for the industry is for the production of 10 tonnes of
the product per annum.
51. Methyl anthranilate and ethyl
anthranilate from isatoic anhydride
Methyl anthranilate and ethyl anthranilate are used
in perfumery industry. The process developed consists in reacting isatoic
anhydride with methyl and ethyl alcohol from reaction mixture by
distillation. The process has been worked out on one kg of the product per
batch. SEU for this industry is for the production of 4.45 tonnes of
methyl and ethyl anthranilate per annum.
52. Methyl anthranilate from phthalic
anhydride
Methly anthranilate is used in perfumery industry and
also in flavour work especially in synthetic grape juice. The demand for
this chemical is estimated to be between 15 to 20 tonnes per annum and
some quantity out of this imported. The raw materials, plant and equipment
required for the production of this chemical are all indigenously
available. The suggested optimum capacity of the plant is 4.2 TPA.
RRL, JAMMU—CSIR
53. B P P S
This is a plant growth promoting soil additive. The
process involves the fermentation of selective micro organisms depending
on the need. The organisms are collected in a broth comprising of nutrient
media containing jagrin, super-phosphate, potassium phosphate, magnesium
sulphate, etc. After sterilisation the mask is inoculated with different
strengths as required in different soil conditions as well as the
characteristics of the plant. Suggested economic unit is 1,000 litres per
day in three shifts and the fixed capital of plant and machinery is Rs. 7
lakhs and expected profit amount is 20%.
54. 54. Chrome lignite
A
variety of specially chemical additives and formulations are being used
under various trade names for the successful exploitation of oil and gas
reserves. Chrome lignite is one of the vital drilling mud additives which
is extensively and universally used to achieve and maintain desired
rheological properties of water-based drilling mud at high temperature. It
is particularly used to fortify ligno sulfonate heated muds when drilling
temperatures above 140oC
are encountered. The plant and machinery cost for a 800 TPA capacity plant
would be around Rs. 28 lakhs.
55. Pour point depressant (flow
improver)
This is a chemical formulation, which when added to
the waxy petroleum crude helps the crude flow better during pipeline
transportation over long distances.
56. Surgical grade plaster of
Paris
Surgical grade plaster of Paris is used in
orthopaedic department for fractures etc. Plaster of Paris is obtained by
the beneficiation wet process of substandard mineral available in Jammu
region.
RRL, BHUBANESWAR—CSIR
57. 2, 4 Dihydroxy quinoline and
nickel azo yellow
2,
4 Dihydroxy quinoline is a derivative of isatoic anhydride via methyl
anthranilate. It is the intermediate for organometallic pigment nickel azo
yellow. Besides it is reported to be used as a coupling agent for disperse
dyes. Nickel azo yellow is the most light fast yellow azo pigment and as
such is useful in wide variety of applications paints, printing inks and
plastics to name three important area of use. The process developed at
RRL, Bhubaneswar consists of condensing methyl anthranilate with aceto
acetic ester and deacetylation of the 3 acetyl quinoline 2, 4 Dione with
2, 4 dihydroxy quinoline. 2, 4 DHQ subsequently coupled with a diazo
compound and metallated to nickel azo yellow. A plant having a capacity of
6 tonnes of 2.4 DHQ and 3.3 tonnes of nickel azo yellow per annum is
estimated to have investment of Rs. 16 lakhs.
58. Saponin
The saponins have various uses in detergents,
shampoos, textile, pharmaceuticals and photo film industry. Regional
Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, has developed a novel process for
isolation and purification of saponin from soapnuts. A unit for the
processing of 100 kg. pericarp per day (6 TPA saponin) is estimated to
cost Rs. 20 lakhs.
L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad
59. Pectin from sunflower heads
Pectin is an efficient emulsifying and jelling agent
in acid media and is widely used in the preparation of pharmaceutical and
cosmetic products. It also find its application in the treatment of
diarrhea, and has been found very useful in reducing blood cholesterol and
blood glucose level.
Sunflower seed shells which is a waste material has
been found to be a good source of pectin. Studies have shown that 180 kg
of pectin can be obtained from one hectare of sunflower field. Pectin can
be extracted from sunflower for acid hydrolysin, SEU for this industry is
40-50 kg of pectin per day.
60. Microcrystalline cellulose from
groundnut shells
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is widely used in
food industry as a filler material in pharmaceutical industry as an
excipient of tablets, capsules and other dosage form the drugs.
Generally cellulose is obtained from various source
like bamboo, sugarcane bagasse, paper waste and cotton waste etc. This
process utilizes groundnut shells for production of MCC. Groundnut shells
is a waste material and is available in planter in India. The product
obtained from this process meets the requirements of I.P.
DRDO TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL
APPLICATIONS
Agriculture, food etc.
1. Fruit juice powder
(DFRL, Mysore)
Process is based on freeze drying of fruit juices
which permits retention of almost all the nutrients, natural fruit aroma,
flavour and colour. Fruit juice powder provides natural fruit juices at a
time and place of any one’s choice and have long shelf life without
refrigeration. Raw materials required are pineapple/mango, sugar and
citric acid. Suggested economic capacity: one tonne per day with an
investment of Rs. 85 lakhs on plant and machinery.
2. Intermediate moisture
fruit slices (DFRL, Mysore)
For preservation of fruits like mangoes, banana,
pineapple etc. a process based on control of water activity of the fruit
and use of antimycotic agents has been developed. This prevents spoilage
due to bacteria, growth of yeasts and fungi. These fruits packed in
moisture proof flexible packaging material are ready to eat and remain
stable for more then six months without refrigeration or thermal
processing. Raw materials required are fruits, refined sugar, potassium
sorbate, potassium metabisulphite and packaging materials. SEU 100 kg/day
with an investment of Rs. 3 lakhs on plant and machinery.
3. Preserved and
flavoured chapaties (DFRL, Mysore)
Process developed is for keeping chapattis for
short-term and long-term, by using a mixture of preservatives, softening
agents and flavours in doughs and pasteurizing the baked chapattis. Raw
materials required are wheat flour, milk powder, vegetable oil, salt
powder, spice oleoresins sorbic and citric acid and packing material. SEU
5000 chapaties per day with an investment of Rs. 2 lakhs on plant and
machinery.
4. Retort pouch foods
(DFRL,Mysore)
Product is ready to eat with slight warming and finds
application in homes, hotels, armed forces, expeditions as also for
export. Process consists of preparing sooji halwa, filling into poly
propylene pouch, sealing and sterilised in auto-clave (throw an aluminum
pouch carrier) with steam for 30 minutes and superimposed air pressure.
The product is immediately cooled down using water and dried in hot air
drier. Raw materials required are sooji, vegetable oil, sugar, cardamom
and water. SEU 250 kg/day with an investment of Rs. 10 lakhs on plant and
machinery.
Habitat
related devices, materials etc.
5. Sterilising outfit
for use with water bottle for snow-bound areas (DL, Jodhpur)
The outfit is used to sterilize as well as mineralise
the water obtained from streams, rivers and melting snow in hilly
areas. The outfit consists of sterilizing tablets and thiomineral tablets.
Composition of these tablets is based on the detailed chemical and
bacteriological analysis.
6. Test kit for
microbiological quality of drinking water ((DRDE, Gwalior)
It
is a simple device to test the potability of drinking water. Waterborne
diseases like typhoid, cholera, diarrhoea and jaundice which are caused by
polluted water supply can easily be tested by the device. The device takes
about 18 hours in performing these tests in comparison to 72 hours taken
by conventional method.
7.
Mobile water purification equipment
(DRDE (E), Pune)
Water purification equipment is capable of delivering
13,500 litres per hour of filtered and chlorinated water from any
natural source such as rivers, canals, and lake, etc. within 30
minutes after positioning the equipment near the source. It can reduce the
turbidity of raw water from 30 PPM to 5 PPM and number of coliform
bacteria to zero. Cost of one complete equipment is about Rs. 3.5 lakhs
and cost of one litre of filtered and sterilised water is about 0.5
pause.
Chemical
& allied
8. Potassium
dichlorisocyanurate as a water sterilizing agent (DRDE, Gwalior)
Potassium dichlorisocyanurate is used as a water
sterilizing agent in the form of tablets. These tablets are used for
chlorination of water for drinking purposes. Isocyanuric acid is
carried out followed by neutralization with potassium hydroxide.
9. Chemical light sticks
(NCML, Mumbai)
The device could be effectively used in distress
signaling at night and working light for miners, and also for decorative
lighting. the efficient and instantaneous production of light by the
device is achieved by the chemical reaction. The duration of working light
is 3 hours and for marking light is 8 hours approximately. The
visibility is about 3 km in a moonless clear night. Colour of the light is
greenish white, however other composition can also be formulated to emit
other colours such as blue, orange or red.
10. Chemical milling primer paint
system for aircraft grade aluminium alloys (NCML, Mumbai)
The laboratory has developed chemical milling primer
paint system which consists of one coat of chloroprene-based pigmented
primer followed by one coat of PVC primer and subsequently followed by
five coats of vinyl-based varnish. This is used for protection of
chemically-treated aircraft grade aluminium alloys during chemical
milling operations carried out in alkali bath of 12-17% concentration
and a temperature of 70-90oC.
Exposed areas produce smooth contours of desired dimensions and shape. The
system protects unexposed surfaces during chemical milling operations and
at the end of the operation, facilitates easy peeling of the system.
11.
Second-generation anti-fouling paint
(NCML, Mumbai)
Second generation anti-fouling (SGAF) paint is useful
for prevention of fouling of water structures. The paint is based on the
concept of release of toxins from chemically bound biocides in the binder.
A fouled surface has the disadvantages of increased drag, decreased
operational availability of the marine vessels in addition to imparting
adverse effects on anti-corrosive measures.
The paint contains a copolymer of tributyl tin
methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. The antifouling life is a direct
function of thickness of dry paint film (approximately one year for 100
micron thick film). The paint will help in increasing dry docking
interval of ships considerably and saving fuel cost by reducing
drag.
Electronics
12. High and low impedance
piezoelectric accelerometers (ARDE, Pune)
The device is used for the measurement of
acceleration, velocity, displacement and preventive maintenance of
machinery. The device is based on quartz and piezoelectric materials.
13. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) for
high powered transducers (ARDE, Pune)
PZT-4, and PZT-8 ferro-electric hard ceramic
materials have been developed. The grades are suited for high powered
SONAR for underwater acoustics, cigarette lighters, high powered
ultrasonic transducers, etc.
14. Microwave components for portable
radars comprising coaxial circulators, wave guide to co-axial adaptors and
cowave ciruculators (DLRL, Hyderabad)
Circulators are used as duplexes in transponders and
isolating devices in low noice RF amplifiers which are employed as front
ends in microwave receivers to improve the sensitivity
performance.
15. Standard band with 1 port and 4
port coaxial circulators in SC bands (DLRL, Hyderabad)
Three port circulators are used in transmitter and
receiver chains of microwave communication and radar systems. They can be
used as isolators, by terminating the isolated port with a matched
oscillator used in such communication networks. Four port circulators are
used as duplexes in transponders and isolation devices.
16. UHF airborne sleeve antenna
(225-400 MHz)
(DLRL, Hyderabad)
The device is used with equipment for ground
communication. It is basically a monopole above ground plane and consists
of two parts connected together by coaxial stub. A matching section is
introduced to make the antenna broad-band.
Transport equipment
VRDE—Ahmednagar
17. Angle of
approach and departure measuring instrument
Angle of approach and departure is measured to assess
the gradebility and cross country mobility parameters of any vehicle. The
instrument has a range of 70 metres and can be used for vehicles
upto tracks width of 2020mm. The cost of one such unit is about Rs.
12,000.
18. Automatic fuel consumption meter
for four wheelers
It
is an instrument to measure the fuel efficiency of any four wheeled
vehicle. Any type of fuel flow meter can be interfaced to this instrument.
This instrument weighs just half a kilogram and is easily portable and
operates on 12 volt DC supply of vehicle battery. Cost of one such unit is
about
Rs. 12,000.
19. Automatic fuel consumption meter
for two wheelers
It
is an instrument to measure the fuel efficiency of any two wheeled
vehicle. The instrument consists of a light weight FRP housing in which is
assembled a calibrated graduate fuel jar, an auxilliary fuel tank, two way
soleniod operated control valve, hand operated fuel pump, fuel connections
a timer unit, temperature sensor and indicator, light barrier switch
and rechargeable Nickel-cadmium battery. Cost of one such unit is about
Rs. 12,000.
20. Axle differential lock
Axle differential lock is suitable to lock the
differential action to prevent wheel spinning while operating on
mud/marshy/sandy terrains. It provides positive traction at all the driven
wheels.
The main raw materials required are shifter sleeve,
shifter fork, pneumatic actuating cylinder, pneumatic valve and pipe
connection etc. A fabrication shop and machine shop with general pupose
machine tools would be required for the manufacturing
21. Bullet-proof car
The bullet-proof car would be useful for security of
VIP’s against small arms fire and police patrolling duty duringriots. The
main raw material required are FRP, roving cloth, polyester resin, special
catalyst and accelerator and special bullet-proof glasses. The simple
fabrication unit consisting of fibre reinforce plastic by handmade
and sheet metal fabrication would be required. The estimated plant and
machinery cost for a unit to produce 4 to 5 vehicles/month would be Rs. 10
lakhs.
22. Glass reinforced plastic fuel
tanks for vehicle application
The mild steel fuel tanks used in automobiles suffer
from corrosion caused by the presence of atmospheric moisture resulting in
lower life of the tank as well contamination of fuel. The glass reinforced
fuel tanks overcome these drawbacks with added advantage of lower
weight.
The GRP fuel tank developed by the Institute utilises
the raw materials like gel coat, release agent, lay-up resin, fibre glass
pigment etc. The tests conducted by the Indian Institute of Petroleum,
Dehradun, for the material for the above purpose shows that the GRP are
compatible. GRP fuel tanks were fitted in vehicles for trials in
various tracks. These extensive trials shows no defect in the tank. The
basic cost of the fuel tank for Nissan Jonga Vehicle is Rs. 830.
23. Hydraulically operated
articulation test rig
It
is an indoor test facility desinged and developed for testing the diagonal
articulation capabilities vehicle which will give an idea of certain cross
country mobility parameter of vehicles of varying wheel base from 2170 mm
to 4200 mm and axles weighing upto 10 tonnes can be tested using this test
rig. The test rig is fully protected from accidental failure. Vehicle
under test is brought over the test rig and the diagonally opposite wheels
are lifted for articulation testing.
24. Maximum speed measuring
instrument
Maximum speed is one of the important parameters
being measured to evaluate the performance quality of any type of vehicle.
It is measured as the sustained maximum speed (average) over a stretch of
200 metres in the high speed track. The instrument is handy and very
compact timer for measuring the maximum speed which can be used for two
and four wheeler vehicles. The cost of one such unit is about Rs.
6,000.
25. Medium recovery vehicle
This is used for recovery of all types of vehicles
from the site where a vehicle has been incapacitated to the site where the
repair work is to carried out i.e. a workshop or a garage. Cost of one
unit is about Rs. 15 lakhs.
26. Microprocessor based steering
torque meter
It
is a compact and portable vehicle testing instrument designed and
developed for measuring steering effort vs.
steering angle and centering time for four wheelers.
27. Mobile kitchen
lorry
This is a mobile kitchen which can cater hot food to
150 to 200 persons fitted on a lorry. This can also store one day’s
requirement of dry and fresh ration drinking water and has a self
contained electric power. Provision can also be made for serving window
and a side shelter for people to take food. The cost of one such unit
without any extra provision is about Rs. 7.5 lakhs.
28. Operation theatre on wheels
It
is mobile operation theatre treatment of wounded or sick persons in remote
areas. It can be set up with the least time in any manner whenever and
wherever it is required. It is fitted with 18.75 KVA generating set and
there is a provision for another similar generating set to act as a stand
by. The cost of one unit is about Rs. 30 lakhs without the stand by
generating set.
29. Sand tyre for TATA 1210 SD
model
This is a multiterrain tyre of outside diameter 1148
mm. overall width 317 mm and skid depth 17.1 mm. If can carry maximum
loads of 3.5 tonnes on roads, 3.42 tonne on cross country terrain and 3.44
on sand. Cost of one tyre is about Rs. 7,000.
30. Three tonne winch
This is three tonne mechanical winch which can be
mounted on Shaktiman and Nissan Vehicle. The steel rope used is as per IS
2266:1970. Cost of one such winch alone is about Rs. 30,000.
31. Three-way tipping gear
The device is used for road construction, clearing
debries, transport of building construction materials, etc. the device
will have advantage over the presently used rear dump trucks that the body
of the lorry can be tipped to either side or to the rear as required. The
special equipment required are available in the country. The facilities
required are fabrication shop, machine shops, press brakes, plate sheering
machines, welding plant, etc.
DMSRDE, Kanpur
32. 32. Auto rust and scale inhibitor
There are large numbers of vehicles particularly in
Defence utilizes tap or rain water as coolant in the radiators of
combustible engines in vehicles, which results in corrosion of the
cylinder head/block, radiator and water tanks and thus causes adversely
the circulation of the coolant and the engine runs hot. The developed
inhibitors which when incorporated in tap water inhibit the corrosion of
cast iron, mild steel, copper, brass, aluminium and solder, representing
materials of constructions of engine cylinder head, block, radiator tube
and water pump and also prevents scale formation in the circulatory
system.
The process involves mixing of various ingredients in
a suitable proportions followed by heating. The developed auto rust scale
inhibitor concentrate is packed in 50, 250, and 500 ml. Packs to make 1,
5, 10 litres of inhibited coolant solution for use in vehicles.
33. Glycol based coolant (DAFC)
The Glycol based coolant is import substitute and can
be used upto temperature of –40oC.
The coolants are required in the cooling system of various internal
combustible engines operating on plains from ambient to 40oC
and high attitudes upto –10oC.
The process involves simple chemical operation. All
the raw materials are available indigeneously.
34. High frequency power tools
(RDE(E), Pune)
Number of HF equipment such as rock drill and
pressure blower, saw chain, hammer breaker, etc. by increasing frequency
of three phase current to 200/400 Hz for high electrical output and low
motor weight have been developed.
Drugs & Pharmaceutical Industry
CCRAS, NEW DELHI—MIN. OF HEALTH &
FAMILY WELFARE
1. Anti-malarial
drug
The Council has developed an anti-malarial drug based
on ayurvedic formulations, using abundantly available indigenous herbs and
plants. Extensive field trials and clinical studies have been conducted on
malaria patients. The efficacy of the drug was found to be as good as that
of standard allopathic drugs being used to control malaria. The drug has
also been found effective against micro-filaria and amoebic infections. In
addition, the ayurvedic drug is cheap and nontoxic.
2. Bala rasayana for
strengthening of the body and general immunity of the children
A
herbo-mineral formulation for general immunity and strengthening the body
of children. The Council has developed the formulation consisting of
indigenously available herbs and minerals. Various aspects like clinical
and physcio-chemical studies were carried out and the bala rasayana
tablets so prepared have shown very good response in children.
3. Nimbatiktam for the
treatment of psoriasis
A
bitter solid isolate nimbatiktam extracted from neem oil was studied
clinically on diagnosed cases of psoriasis. The drug was administered in
capsule form twice a day for 60 days. There was significant improvement in
symptoms like etiching, roughness, exfoliation etc. about 87% of the
patients got relieved from all these symptoms.
CCRUM, New Delhi—Min. of Health & family welfare
4.
Preparation for the treatment of bronchial asthma (ZN5)
The Council has developed a preparation for the
treatment of bronchial asthma which has no side effects. The above
preparation can safely be used during pregnancy also.
The drug is effective both extrinsic and intrinsic
type of bronchial asthama. The drug acts as broncho dialator, reduces
bronchial mucosal irritability, mild bronchospasm and acts as a
expectorant. The Council has conducted clinical trials and found the drug
well tolerated and safe to use even during pregnancy.
5. Preparation for the treatment
of
bronchial asthma (ZN7)
The Council has developed a preparation for the
treatment of broncial asthma which has no side effects and can also be
used during pregnancy. The drug is effective in paroxysms of dyspmea
cough, and wheezing. Acts as broncho dialator, clinical trials
conducted and found quite effective.
6. Preparation for the treatment of
infective hepatitis (IKH4)
The Council has developed a herbo-mineral preparation
for the use in symptoms of infective hepatitis which can also be used
during pregnancy without any side effects.
The preparation in paste form is effective in
jaundice, acute & chronic hepatitis. The therapeutic trial,
pre-clinical trial and pharmacological studies conducted and found that
the drug reduces inflammation, stimulate and increases functional
efficiency of liver.
7. Preparation for the treatment
of
infective hepatitis (IKH12)
The Council has developed a preparation for the use
in symptoms of infective hepatitis which can also be used during pregnancy
without any side effect. The drug is effective in jaundice, acute and
chronic hepatitis. The drug acts as anti inflammatory, diuretic,
antipyretic, stimulant and increases functional efficiency of liver. The
clinical trials have been conducted, the drug is well tolerated and free
from side effect.
8. Preparation for the treatment of
"Malaria" (HE 4)
The Council has developed a preparation for the
treatment of Malaria comprises a mixtures of herbs and mineral.
The ingredients are pulverized in to microfined
powder and mixed to make it in capsule form. Pre-clinical & toxicity
studies were undertaken and the drug found is effective in Malarial fever
due to P.Vivex Infection. The drug acts as antipyretic and analgesic.
9. Preparation for the treatment
of
rheumatoid arthritis (WM3)
The Council has developed a preparation for the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis which does not have any side effect. The
drug in capsule form acts as anti inflammatory, analgesic, muscle
relaxant, reduces tenderness and restore mobility. Clinical trials
conducted and found effective.
10. Preparation for the treatment
of
rheumatoid arthritis (WM7)
The Council has developed an oil preparation for the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis which does not have any side effect.
The oil is effective in rheumatoid arthritis, osteo
arthritis, joint pain and frozen pain. The clinical trials have shown that
the oil acts as anti inflammatory, analgesic and muscle relaxant.
CRIS, Chennai—CCRAS
11. 777-Oil for the treatment of
Psoriasis
Psoriasis a very obscure and obstinate skin disease
involves scaling dermatosis. The chronic disease frequently involves in
elbows, knees, lumbosacral and scalp. There is no absolute treatment in
any of the available systems of medicine and therefore, the need for an
effective and safe treatment for the control of psoriasis is highly sought
for. The present days modern medicines are based on the certain group of
chemicals. They have their limitations causing adverse side effects and
thus preclude use for longer term.
The coded drug ‘777-Oil’—a Siddha preparation
prepared by using the widely available herb has been developed by the
Institute. The medicated oil has been found to be very highly effective
for the safe treatment of psoriasis.
CSMCRI, Bhavnagar—CSIR
12. Aluminium hydroxide (Gel Powder)
I.P. Grade
Aluminium hydroxide gel powder (IP Grade) is an
antacid used in pharmaceutical preparations.
The process comprises, the reaction of soda ash and
aluminium sulphate solution. The process has been developed at a bench
scale of 15 kg per batch.
The investment on plant and machinery for a plant of
capacity 500 kg per day, is around Rs. 12 lakhs.
13. Heavy basic magnesium
carbonate
Heavy magnesium carbonate is used in medicine as an
antacid and laxative. The process consists in heating solution of sodium
carbonate and magnesium chloride. Suggested economic unit for this
industry is 30 tonnes of heavy basic magnesium carbonate per annum. It is
estimated that the plant will cost Rs. 5.16 lakhs.
14. Jojoba body cream &
lotion
Jojoba body cream is prepared from jojoba seed oil.
This cream has aesthetic value and is an improved variety of cream having
a unique property of skin conditioning. It is smooth and soft emmolient
cream which can be used for all seasons. It is non-greasy and has property
of curing minor skin diseases. The use of Jojoba cream does not produce
irritation of eyes nor any dermatological problems.
The product has been clinical tested and was found
that the cream does not produce any toxicity to the skin.
The total investment on a plant having a capacity of
10 kg per day, is about Rs. 15 lakhs.
SRI, Delhi
15. High absorbent surgical
dressings
High absorbent surgical dressings can be used in
dressing of wounds in general and in surgery and burn cases in particular.
The dressing developed at SRI are the substitute to the indigenously made
absorbent material with improved properties.
VCRC, Pondicherry—ICMR
16. L-Dopa
An
important pharmaceutical compound used in the treatment of Parkinson
disease and as an intermediate in the production of antileprotic drug.
17. Thrombinase
A
new fibrinolytic agent to be used in the treatment of cerebral thrombosis
and in prevention of post surgical adhesions. Developed on lab scale. SEU
1 kg per year.
Bulk Drugs (Knowhow developed at
IDPL)
18. Acetazolamide - used as
Diuretic
19. Sulphadimidine - used as
Antibacterial
20. Sulphacetamide - used as
Antibacterial (Ophthalmic)
21. Sulphaguandine - used as
Antibacterial
22. Sulphacetamide SOD (DRC) - used as
Antibacterial (Ophthalmic)
23. Folic Acid - used as
Hematopometic Vitamin
24. Aceto Butyrolactone - used as
Intermediate
25. Veronal Sodium - used as
Intermediate
26. Chloroquine Phosphate - used as
Anti-malarial
Knowhow
from B.V.
Patel Pharmaceutical Education & Research Development
(PERD)
27. Diclofenac Sodium SR Tablets
28. Ibuprofen Cream
29. Ibuprofen Gel
30. Ophthalmic Formulations
containing Ciprofloxacin Alone
31. Isosorbide - 5 - Mononitrate
(ISMN) Conventional Tablets
32. Isosorbide - 5 - Mononitrate
(ISMN) CR Coated Pellets
33. Corbamazepine (CBZ) CR Coated
Pellets
34. Ophthalmic Formulations
containing Ciprofloxacin & Dexamethasone
35. Keterolac Thromethamine
Ophthalmic Formulations
Electrical Industry
CECRI, Karaikudi—CSIR
1. Cadmium selenide
photoconductive cell
The developed cell converts the varying intensities
of light into varying intensities of electric current by the application
of certain voltage to it. These photoconductive cadmium selenide cells
have a light sensitivity to the visible radiation and find use in
electronic musical computers, recorders, choppers and photo-electric
circuits. SEU is 30,000 cells per annum.
2. Calcium holophosphate
daylight phosphor
Calcium holophosphate daylight phosphor finds
application in the manufacture of fluorescent tube lights. The process
developed broadly involves the solidstate reaction of high purity raw
materials of fine particle size at a high temperature. An advantage of the
process is that the good phosphor could be prepared even without the use
of special gas atmosphere. SEU for the industry is the production of 3
tonnes of the product per annum.
3. Calcium tungstate
(blue phosphor)
Calcium tungstate (blue phosphor) finds application
mainly in the fluorescent tube light industry. The process developed
envisages mixing of calcium oxide containing substance (such as calcium
carbonate) and tungstic oxide containing substance such as tungstic acid
in finely divided state. SEU for this industry is 3 tonnes per annum.
4. Lead acid storage
batteries
Lead acid batteries find application in motor cars,
truck and similar vehicles for the purpose of starting, lighting and
ignition. The battery developed is based on the raw materials available
indigenously and it conforms to IS: 395-1962.
5.
Mercury oxide cell
Mercury cells originally designed for specific
defence purpose are fast entering the common markets in Western countries.
These cells have certain exclusive properties such as steady voltage and
long shelf life which other rival battery systems can not claim. The
process developed at CECRI obviates many disadvantages. SEU for mercury
oxide cells (a) sareh becon battery, (b) instrument battery, (c) grid bias
battery is for manufacturing 1,000, 1,500 and 9,000 cells per year
respectively.
6.
Sac cell using aluminium alloy anode
Sac cell with aluminium alloys as an anode and
modified electrolyte can be used as a substitute for Leclanche type sac
cells. These cells are used by the Indian Railways for operating block
instruments, telephone and signals. SEU for the industry is for the
production of 2,00,000 aluminium alloy rods per year.
NPL, New Delhi—CSIR
7.
Cinema arc carbon
These arc carbon electrodes between which arcs are
struck for producing high intensity illumination required for projecting
motion pictures. The process for cinema arc carbons developed on a pilot
plant scale at NPL uses indigenous raw materials and equipment. Minimum
economic capacity is 6,000 pairs per day.
8.
8. Manufacture of low wear carbon brushes from metal graphite
brushes
Carbon brushes are widely used in electrical
machinery and automobiles industry. A new process on low wear carbon
brushes from metal graphite brushes has been developed at the Institute.
The fixed capital for a plant of 10 tonnes per annum is estimated at Rs. 3
lakhs, cost of production is expected to be Rs. 90,000 per tonne.
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